The Bible Among Myths Free Essays

string(34) instead of capacity or quality. Old Testament Introduction July 6, 2014 Introduction The creator, an exploration teacher at Wesley Biblical Seminary by the name of John N. Oswald, endeavors to clarify the similitudes and contrasts of the Holy Scripture and its lessons from that of the neighboring Ancient Near East convictions. Besides, he endeavors to respond to the subject of how insightful assessments of the differences found among Genesis and Babylonian records of the starting points of the world. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Bible Among Myths or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now He calls attention to how the cutting edge researchers are presently contrasting the Bible with different strict archives and thinking about it as Just another legendary conviction. Oswald attributes this world-see change to an investigation of similitudes between the Bible and like Near Eastern compositions instead of before when maybe more premium was set on review the distinctions. These examinations are clarified in the primary portion of this distribution and captioned The Bible and Myth. Inside the second piece of the book captioned The Bible and History, he requests the peruser to pose inquiries about the validness of the Old Testament, or is it even significant that the Bible be truly exact? Regardless of whether those mistakes are demonstrated, does it hold any centrality in the philosophical convictions introduced inside? To sum up the books in general subject, Oswald wants that his peruser gives any proof of precision the credit it is expected. Not to be influenced by unconfirmed guesses that may decrease the focal point of what is in a general sense valid. His isn't a solicitation for us to look past the errors or to take a position that in the event that the Bible says it’s thus, at that point that’s the long and short of it. Mr.. Oswald requests that the peruser permit the chance f ‘harmonistic’ and not Jump to any ends without taking into account reality to uncover itself in the sacred writing. Part I The Bible and Myth Chapter One The Bible In Its World In the initial section, Oswald investigates the differing perspectives on world creation and being. He thoroughly analyzes how Greek way of thinking impacted the monotheistic culture of the Israelites which at last added toward the Western world convictions we know today. Early Greek savants contemplated that there is nevertheless one â€Å"universe† with a sole purpose of unification and not a â€Å"powers† with variable wellsprings of creation. They instructed that everything could be contemplated and that something could be so and not so simultaneously. This conviction clashed with that of the world perspective on the Ancient Near East (ANNE). The world view guessed that presence on earth was the consequence of numerous inconspicuous powers in the domain of the imperceptible. Evidently the Greek rationalists proposing this message didn’t prevail upon the acknowledgment of that culture and they ended up constrained out and into stowing away, some ending their own carries on with accordingly finishing the time of Greek philosophical idea. This battle was shown in he play Beach by the Greek writer Euripides wherein the contention is happened between the normal human instinct segment carried on by men who were set in opposition to the ladies that filled the role of the unreasonable side of Human presence. The men were executed by the ladies delineating the two contradicting perspectives couldn't coincide and the polymers of numerous divinities would command social idea. At about a similar time, it appears that the Israelites were encountering a comparable clash of confidence. The Hebrew accepted that there was a sole Creator that remunerated and restrained dependent on acquiescence to God’s will. This view was an incredible inverse from that of the polymers masterminds and against the convictions of the Ancient Near Eastern societies that confided in the equal undetectable world. Indeed, even them, the Hebrew held to their conviction of a monotheistic God and the prophet’s capacity to foresee the outcast and return of the Israelites reinforced that resolve. Christianity was to be the assemblage of Greek idea and Hebrew conviction. The Greek rationale gave circumstances and logical results to the Hebrew creation hypothesis of God. At long last affirmation that God isn't the world and the world isn't God. Rationale and science cooperating. Oswald composes here that a significant end is determined in that science and rationale are not plainly obvious, neither ready to remain solitary. Together, the framework offered some incentive to the individual and the significance of history and why things are as they may be. Finishing off Chapter one Oswald mourns the clear present day dependence on realism and less on our God. History and the individuals are getting less important and there is more accentuation set on solace, delight and self-protection. Assault’s trust is that the more youthful perusers will understand this course and rethink the get some distance from God and toward the adversary. Part Two The Bible And Myth: Oswald spreads out the root for Biblical reality. He addresses how the Bible can be incorporated with the Ancient Near Eastern contentions as a fantasy when it is so profoundly extraordinary. The genuine inquiry being the real meaning of a legend. Oswald permits that this inquiry completely relies upon the meaning of the term. It is likewise essential to get a handle on why there is a craving to put it in the fanciful class in the first place. Here Oswald analyzes the numerous meanings of a legend. He gathers all the similitudes controlled by each to reclassify a genuine legend. Oswald gives moral story thinking to build up that a definition too wide will bring about lost legitimacy. He discloses that just to expand the extent of the definition to suit (or incorporate) the Bible never really add credit to the legitimacy of the significance. Oswald closes this section with an arrangement of definitions and has basically gathered them into two classifications. Inside this the primary, we find etymological, sociological and the scholarly. Basically, Oswald needs the peruser to realize that to properly characterize a fantasy, you probably limited the definition. In this class, the definition is limited to cap of Just trademark as opposed to capacity or quality. You read The Bible Among Myths in classification Papers Something with request and consistency. This segment sums up the endeavors to give increasingly versatile definitions and hypotheses to characterize a legend prompted shared trait or coherence to depict the world-see. He offers that the way of thinking of progression expresses that everything is nonstop and are one, characterizing that God and earth are one however independent. All things considered, a thing produced using earth is God. This is valid for all religions aside from those convictions which have gotten from the Hebrew being Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Section Three Continuity: The Basis Of Mythical Thinking In this part we follow Oswald as he dives into the philosophy supporting the heavenly parts of fantasy. It gives that fantasy sees are Just another method of tuning into reality than what we acknowledge utilizing Westernizes rationale. By characterizing fantasy as â€Å"all things continuous†, there can be no differentiation between the three domains of human, nature and celestial. Oswald depicts the term polytheism and how things that look and sound the same are viewed as the equivalent accordingly to adore an icon is to love a God. Through this rationale, humanity can modify the result of regular occasions by method of their golden calves. He expresses this is the absolute most significant perspective to the perspective that describes fantasy. It is accepted that in Myths, an enchantment spell can disturb the persistent idea of things, bringing mayhem and confusion between the domains. Legends are polytheism meaning numerous Gods. They are frequently spoken to through imagery. It is essential in fantasy that everything start with issue. In legend, people exist to serve the divine beings. They have no essentialness in the legendary world. Characters are exemptions to the standard making confusion to the progression. That world is a nonstop circle traveling every which way no place consistently. Part 4: Transcendence: Basis Of Biblical Thinking The Bible, when contrasted with the encompassing ANNE, is profoundly unique by they way it approaches reality. The Old Testament, paying little heed to the verifiable proclamations being valid or bogus, is predictable. Regular Characteristics Of Biblical Thought: The two greatest contrasting attributes in the Old Testament are monotheism and iconoclasm. Monotheism keeps up that Heehaw is the sole maker and separate from the world. The Hebrew individuals are the main culture to exist that had confidence in monotheism. Israel, which was less best in class in all parts of culture then the encompassing ANNE, demanded a monotheistic religion most importantly. Iconoclasm expresses that God can't be made in any picture or any made structure. It is unmistakably expressed and characterized in the Old Testament (Ex. 20-4-5); muff will not make for yourself a picture through anything in paradise above or the earth underneath or in the waters beneath. You will not bow down to them or love them. † This conviction is the premise of greatness. God isn't the world, God can't be recognized to the world, God can't be reproduced and God can't be controlled by the world. Other particular attributes that different Hebrew idea from all other conviction frameworks are: 1 . God is soul and not make any difference which is the perfect inverse perspective of legend. Legend expresses that issue is the premise of everything. 2. ) There was no contention during the creation procedure. In fantasy creation advances from turmoil yet in the Old Testament the world exists simply because God talked it into reality. 3. ) The Old Testament has an extremely high perspective of mankind. Actually man is made in the picture of God. God made man last and man is the pinnacle of all creation. In fantasy humankind is an untimely idea and the main design is to accommodate the divine beings. 4. ) God is solid and reliable. Heehaw will favor individuals and be there for his kin in any event, when it isn't to

Contexts of Nursing Marking Rubric_Assignment

Questions: Task 1 1. Utilizing current evidence,discuss correspondence inside medicinal services. If you don't mind center around; - the job of the Registered Nurse - the effect of poor correspondence and patientsafety - the estimation of TeamSTEPPSand ISBAR in correspondence Task 2. Presently you have worked through the substance of this theme, give some proof that you have met a portion of these destinations. Draw on the assets you have in this point Write an ejournal passage that tends to the accompanying inquiries; What are a portion of the complexities in recognizing a disintegrating tolerant? Recognize, depict and reference an evaluation device that you could use in on your situation to distinguish disintegration in a patient under your consideration. You should legitimize your decision. Situation 1 Complicated Gastroenteritis Veronica, a multi year old young lady, has given regurgitating and the runs. She is got dried out and is declining to drink since she feels wiped out. Her mom, Sharon, is with her and she expresses that she has been not able to hold any liquids down since yesterday at 1300hrs. It is presently 1000hrs. Veronica is likewise whining of an irritated stomach. She has had four scenes of the runs for the time being, the last scene being at 0300hrs. Sharon portrays Veronicas entrail activity as putrid, runny and earthy colored. The clinical staff looked into Veronica, determined her to have convoluted gastroenteritis. They have requested a preliminary of liquids in the crisis division. 10-20mls/kg of oral liquid every hour is the current request. Veronica is declining to drink. Sharon is getting baffled with her girl as she constantly says no. Perceptions on appearance HR 125 bpm, solid and ordinary RR 28 bpm Pale, diminished skin turgor Her hands are cool, her lips are dry, yet not broke She is discreetly sitting on her mum's lap Weight 25 kg Clinical history: asthma and honey bee sting hypersensitivity Situation 2 - Adolescent Mitchellis a multi year old kid who has been brought into the Emergency Department at 2330 by means of rescue vehicle. He was discovered half-awake, outside one of the city dance club. He has upchuck on his garments and scents of liquor. Emergency vehicle officials express that he can be animated yet just with difficult incitement. His reaction to this incitement is verbal awful language. The emergency vehicle officials likewise express that he has been obnoxiously injurious to them and impervious to their endeavors to support him. Mitchell has a cell phone with the rest of his personal effects and a wallet. His folks Ray and Tania, have been reached and show up in the unit not long after Mitchell. They are humiliated about his drinking, however are obviously worried about their child. They are left to visit with their child while the staff recover his notes from clinical records. Mitchell reacts to his mom's touch with obnoxious attack and yells at her wildly. She is obviously disturbed and ventures back in tears. Beam intervenes and requests that his child stop this conduct. His reaction to his dad is more settled and he quits shouting. He turns over in the bed and shouts out to everybody to disregard him. Task 3 Utilize current proof to examine the administration of the troublesome circumstance illustrated in both of this weeks situation. If it's not too much trouble diagram the distinct advantages that you may use to set up an arrangement to help the patient and their family. Situation 1 Complicated Gastroenteritis Veronica, a multi year old young lady, has given heaving and looseness of the bowels. She is dried out and is declining to drink since she feels wiped out. Her mom, Sharon, is with her and she expresses that she has been not able to hold any liquids down since yesterday at 1300hrs. It is currently 1000hrs. Veronica is additionally grumbling of an irritated stomach. She has had four scenes of looseness of the bowels short-term, the last scene being at 0300hrs. Sharon depicts Veronicas entrail activity as noxious, runny and earthy colored. The clinical staff assessed Veronica, determined her to have convoluted gastroenteritis. They have requested a preliminary of liquids in the crisis office. 10-20mls/kg of oral liquid every hour is the current request. Veronica is declining to drink. Sharon is getting disappointed with her girl as she ceaselessly says no. Perceptions on appearance HR 125 bpm, solid and normal RR 28 bpm Pale, diminished skin turgor Her hands are cool, her lips are dry, yet not broke She is discreetly sitting on her mum's lap Weight 25 kg Clinical history: asthma and honey bee sting hypersensitivity Situation 2 - Adolescent Mitchellis a multi year old kid who has been brought into the Emergency Department at 2330 through rescue vehicle. He was discovered half-awake, outside one of the city dance club. He has upchuck on his garments and scents of liquor. Rescue vehicle officials express that he can be energized yet just with difficult incitement. His reaction to this incitement is verbal awful language. The emergency vehicle officials additionally express that he has been obnoxiously oppressive to them and impervious to their endeavors to support him. Mitchell has a cell phone with the rest of his personal effects and a wallet. His folks Ray and Tania, have been reached and show up in the unit soon after Mitchell. They are humiliated about his drinking, however are obviously worried about their child. They are left to visit with their child while the staff recover his notes from clinical records. Mitchell reacts to his mom's touch with obnoxious attack and yells at her wildly. She is unmistakably disturbed and ventures back in tears. Beam intervenes and requests that his child stop this conduct. His reaction to his dad is more quiet and he quits shouting. He turns over in the bed and shouts out to everybody to disregard him. Task 4 In your eJournal, refer to and sum up a diary article which considers the job of the Australian Registered Nurse in the release arranging process. Quickly diagram how this release arranging in the pediatric setting may amplify wellbeing and limit costs. This should be possible as a comment. You can discover all the more with respect to explanations and clarified reference indices on the web interface underneath. Answers: Task 1 Correspondence shapes a vital part in the medicinal services administrations, as it is the key player in choosing the destiny of wellbeing and social consideration result. In straightforward terms the methodology of trade the view, belief system, concern, articulation and enthusiastic properties are significant alongside the treatment system and meds. It is similarly critical to comprehend the prerequisite of patient, the worry of the social insurance experts and continuing the assurance of the patient, which guarantees the adequacy and viability of the totally medicinal services administration trade framework. The benefit of successful relational abilities lies with regards to confining organization models, building up dependable relationship; decrease the complexity of data spread and precise trade of data among both the medicinal services suppliers and social insurance customers. Outstandingly the correspondence implies incorporate both verbal just as non-verbal correspondence. Fo r a RN, it is fundamental to consider (Brunetto, 2012, pp.7; Allen, 2013, pp.226): Survey the current case and any foundation data is available, to characterize the issue. The correspondence objective is to cause the patient to comprehend the worry of activity, for example, causing her to comprehend the structure and prerequisite, utilization of images to comprehend the quandary of patient and utilization of persistence. Recognize the intended interest group and endeavor ought to be taken to cause patient to comprehend and distinguish the worry or need. Correspondence channel, for example, non-verbal correspondence, interpreter, relative or carer and images in correspondence ought to be utilized. Pretest the message and concern suitably related to the patient Utilization of sympathy in non-verbal activities Assess each activity or procedure of correspondence with the patient. It is evident to comprehend that a poor correspondence system won't just brings poor patient yield, yet will likewise guarantee loss of patient fulfillment and progress for prosperity. Nonappearance of any correspondence technique may prompts the patient in disgrace that is increasingly discouraged, and coerce like condition. In like manner, the coordination among the different experts and work process is additionally prone to hamper. TeamSTEPPS and ISBAR is the proportion of procedure and result related for the patient prosperity and most extreme patient yield in any medicinal services settings. These incorporate assessment of procedure, clinical results and basic results regarding records, notes, handovers and correspondence with understanding just as human services experts. The portrayal of the TeamSTEPPS is finished with X-hub speaking to the length of the strategy and Y-hub with the depiction of the issue. Essentially, ISBAR is identified with distinguishing proof, Situation, Background, Assessment and Recommendation that are important to be considered inside the extent of treatment and intercession. Following of these conventions and systems not just assistance in keeping up the coordination among the medicinal services experts, yet in addition guarantees most extreme advantage to the patient condition and fulfillment (McCaskill, 2011, pp.S44). References; ALLEN, J., OTTMANN, G., BROWN, R., RASMUSSEN, B. (2013). Correspondence pathways in network matured consideration: an Australian examination. Universal diary of more established individuals nursing, 8(3), pp.226-235. BRUNETTO, Y., FARR-WHARTON, R., SHACKLOCK, K. (2012). Correspondence, preparing, prosperity, and duty across nurture ages. Nursing Outlook, 60(1), pp.7-15. McCASKILL, C. (2011). TeamSTEPPS: The presentation of authority, situational observing, common help and correspondence to improve understanding security in an Emergency Department. Australasian Emergency Nursing Journal, 14, S44. Task 2 Recognizable proof of clinical disintegrating condition is significant as it helps in forestalling further decay and mortality of the patient. Social insurance experts, for example, attendants and clinical staff have the duty to perceive and react to the sign and indications, before the condition o

The Hijab The Veil that Shrouds Islam free essay sample

A moral investigation of the shameful acts looked by Muslim ladies. This paper analyzes Islam and the treacheries that Muslim ladies face in their religion. The creator talks about shameful acts as far as dress, social opportunity, including genital mutilation. The paper investigates whether the Muslim religion is extremely to blame or in the event that it involves sociological observation. The paper additionally takes a gander at whether Muslim men see their treatment of ladies as deceptive or a standard in their general public. Training is the key. As purveyors of the conviction that training increases the expectations of living, we are the key. On the off chance that we are to demonstrate that we despite everything have an ounce of good fiber in our bodies, we should accept this accountability. Go forward, learn Islam. Get familiar with the Muslim lifestyle. Let them not live in our psyches as insights of authentic disasters. At that point, possibly at that point, will the appropriate responses come to us. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Hijab: The Veil that Shrouds Islam or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In dreams. In the detestations of dreams. The fantasy waits on. In my fantasy, the ladies of Islam keep on talking delicately. They express useful tidbits, admissions of hurt and requests for help. I dig into my spirit and feel the tears spout forward. I connect my hand to the surging shroud just to locate a void. Nothingness. It covers me. And afterward, I comprehend. Just because, I comprehend. Spirits of empathy definitely peel off the hijabs and the burqas. Each in turn. Above and beyond. We are approaching a disclosed world.

Accounting project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Bookkeeping venture - Essay Example extensively ‘greener’ elective as a hydrocarbon dissolvable, with a view that we can copy the achievement that organizations in the few conditions of United States and Europe have had by following a procedure from a moral viewpoint. Hydrocarbon choices have 90% less discharges into the earth, more prominent proficiency, and in this way positive advantages for representatives, and customers the same. The organization and its administration has a few uniqueness’s, these are as talked about beneath: The organization will be begun in three unique areas. The authoritative structure and the dynamic of the organization will be brought together, for example all the dynamic for significant issues will be dealt with by the administrative center and seat individual. The organization will be set up in three unique areas of which the head quarters will be in Abu Dhabi. The other two areas incorporate Mumbai (India) and Cardiff (UK). Every single significant choice will be made by the executive. The Abu Dhabi branch being the head quarters will incorporate the principle heads of activities, fund, HR, and promoting, will be mindful to deal with the whole procedure over the three areas. The authoritative structure of the organization will be as delineated beneath: a) Finance and HR Head: The money and HR head will be situated in Abu Dhabi and the bookkeepers of the other two areas will be liable here. All enrollments and week after week accounts should be sent to the Head quarters and to be checked by the Finance head to guarantee all the funds are all together. The fund head will likewise be capable to deal with the every day accounts of the Abu Dhabi branch. b) Operations Head: The activities head will be situated in Abu Dhabi and will be mindful to deal with the clients just as the tasks staff including the drivers and the right hand. The tasks head will likewise be mindful to mange the staff of the other two areas too and should get every day reports for the exercises from time the workers timed

Beowulf Essays

Beowulf Essays Beowulf Paper Beowulf Paper 2004. 32-91.

Illinois Commitment

Illinois Commitment Note: To view the most up-to-date details and requirements for this program, visit our Illinois Commitment webpage. I am so excited that we finally get to share the news â€" Illinois Commitment is here! What is Illinois Commitment? Illinois Commitment is a new financial aid program guaranteed to cover tuition and fees for Illinois residents whose family makes at or below the median income for the state ($61,000) with assets less than $50,000 (not including home value, qualified retirement accounts, and family farms) who enroll as either new freshman or new transfers beginning in the Fall 2019 semester. Yes, were this excited for a reason! Some of the best and brightest students in the state of Illinois assume that Illinois is out of their reach financially. Some don’t even consider applying. We want all high-achieving students across the state to be able to attend Illinois, regardless of family income. It is also our intent to keep the cost of tuition and fees for in-state residents constant for an unprecedented fifth straight year (pending Board approval). Our hope is that by investing in our financial aid programs and maintaining our costs that the University of Illinois will be a more affordable option for many students. How does it work?There is no separate application for Illinois Commitment. Illinois Commitment is a financial aid program. This means that students only need to complete their application to Illinois and the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) in order to be eligible. Illinois Commitment will cover tuition and campus fees for new freshmen for up to four (4) years, eight (8) semesters of continuous enrollment, and tuition and campus fees for up to three (3) years, six (6) semesters of continuous enrollment for new transfer students. This includes programs with higher tuition such as engineering, business, and many STEM programs. Program ImpactSetting the threshold of Illinois Commitment at the median income means that 50% of families in Illinois will qualify for this new program. We estimate that approximately 1,800-2,000 new freshman and new transfer students each year will be Illinois Commitment eligibleâ€"approximately 33% of the incoming class. After four years we expect that there will be 7,200-8,000 undergraduate students benefiting from the program. Figure 1. State of Illinois Income Distribution with Cumulative Income Percentile, Source: American Community Survey There is no program cap or limit in the number of students the program will help. We will continue to make “need-blind” admission decisions. Illinois Commitment will further diversify the socioeconomic makeup of the Illini alumni network and positively impact Illinois communities, families, and professional environments for years to come. We firmly believe that diversity of student experiences enriches the classroom and our campus. What about families above $61K?Available financial aid does not cut off at $61K. Students who not eligible for Illinois Commitment will still be considered for other types of financial aid and scholarships. We are currently working with the state legislators to create a new merit-based AIM High Scholarship program. The state of Illinois approved $25 million for this current year’s state budget to direct to merit scholarships for Illinois residents. The details of AIM High are still being finalized and will be added to financial aid packages in March. You will also be automatically considered for all university or donor funded scholarships. We’ve put together a fairly comprehensive FAQ page to cover other questions that are relevant to the new program. As the flagship and land grant university for the state of Illinois, it is our mission to enhance the lives of our states citizens. Our primary focus continues to be enrolling Illinois residents. Each year, we strive to enroll at least one student from each of 102 counties in Illinois. We will continue to enroll non-resident and international students to help challenge our resident students in the classroom and to improve the undergraduate experience for everyone. We hope to see our undergraduate student population continue to diversify. Illinois Commitment is a game changer for us. We hope that every college-bound student in the state will have Illinois on his or her short list of applications. Illinois Commitment demonstrates the university’s dedication to access and affordability by removing a significant financial barrier for Illinois residents from low- to middle-income homes so they too may receive a world-class education.Andy Director, Undergraduate Admissions My responsibility is to recruit, admit, and enroll new freshmen and new transfer students to the university. I earned my BS from Buena Vista University, an MBA from St. Ambrose University, and a PhD in Higher Education and Student Affairs from the University of Iowa. Illinois Commitment Note: To view the most up-to-date details and requirements for this program, visit our Illinois Commitment webpage. For students from families without a ton of financial resources, planning for college can involve lots of uncertainty. Finding a school that is affordable is sometimes the difference between going to college and not pursuing higher education at all. So, how does The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, a land-grant public university committed to serving the people of Illinois, make tuition affordable for as many students as possible? Enter: Illinois Commitment. On August 27, Illinois announced an exciting new financial aid program with the following slogan: Four Years. Free Tuition. Thats #IllinoisCommitment. In the past, Illinois has offered fairly generous aid to students without much in the way of financial resources, but we have never seen a program quite like this before. Illinois Commitment provides scholarships and grants to cover the cost of tuition as long as the student meets the following requirements: Youre an Illinois resident (parents listed on the FAFSA are also Illinois residents) Your family income is $61,000 or less Your familys assets are less than $50,000 Youre admitted as a new freshman or transfer student Youre under the age of 24 For more information about the specifics of these requirements, there is information available on the Admissions website. Going to college is a big deal because what you choose to do in your late teens and early twenties is a big deal. I recently listened to a TED talk called “Why 30 is not the new 20” by Meg Jay. Her key message can be summed up in this quote: “Claiming your 20s is one of the simplest, yet most transformative, things you can do for work, for love, for your happiness, maybe even for the world … We know that the brain caps off its second and last growth spurt in your 20s as it rewires itself for adulthood, which means that whatever it is you want to change about yourself, now is the time to change it.” And, “change it” you will as you enter college. I already experience the world in a completely different way than I did before coming to college, and I have only been here for a little over a year. If Illinois Commitment is the difference between a student attending college and not attending college, then Illinois Commitment is a big deal. In my experience, college will change your life for the better. I am so glad that Illinois Commitment exists because it gives students without a ton of resources the chance to get a world-class education.Zoe Class of 2021 I am from Rock Island, Illinois, which is right on the Illinois-Iowa border. I am a dual-degree student studying Acting in the College of Fine and Applied Arts and Advertising in the College of Media. I am also a James Scholar and a Chancellor's Scholar.

Yale Application Figures

Yale Application Figures February 10 Brian Taylor, Director of Ivy Coach, is quoted today in The Yale Daily News on this years drop in applications to Yale. Brian Taylor, Director of Ivy Coach, is featured today on the pages of The Yale Daily News in a piece by Tyler Foggatt entitled Yale employs targeted outreach strategies that we figured wed share with our reader base. The piece focuses on how applications went up at each Ivy League school this year with one exception Yale. The Yale application figures were down this year. And while Yale did receive 30,227 applications, marking the second highest tally in the universitys long history, many have been speculating about why Yales application tally didnt reach an all-time high  like at every other Ivy League school this admissions cycle. If youll recall, Brian was quoted recently  on the pages of The Yale Daily News as stating that the reason so many highly selective schools see year-to-year increases in application numbers isnt because theyre receiving more competitive applications. Rather, theyre simply getting better in their marketing strategies to appeal to students who are wholly unqualified for admission. In fact, Brian is quoted in todays piece as saying: Every year colleges get better and better at marketing to students, and they market to students who are unqualified for admission, said Brian Taylor, director of Ivy Coach, a New York-based college consulting firm. It sounds like Yale tried something experimental this year, and it does look like it hurt their application numbers, and will invariably hurt their admission rate.†Ã‚  As Yales dean of undergraduate admissions asserts in todays article in The Yale Daily News, Dean of Undergraduate Admissions Jeremiah Quinlan said last week that it is commo n for peer institutions to drum up application numbers by marketing to students who are unlikely to be competitive applicants. In contrast, he said, Yale only targets high-achieving students who are likely to gain admission to the University. There you have it. So this year, Yale in a cost-cutting move chose to only market to students who showed interest in Yale this admissions cycle, saving money on mailings (especially on sending out viewbooks, the most expensive Yale mailing). Ivy Coach applauds Jeremiah Quinlan and the Yale admissions  office for, in some sense, daring to defy what every other college is doing by somewhat restraining their marketing efforts and by targeting high-achieving low-income students in particular this year. That is exceptional and while Yale did see a slight drop in applications this year, we suspect that this will by no means have a long-term impact on the university. Yale is Yale. Yale will always be Yale. We applaud Yale for marching to the beat of their own drummer. While their US News World Report ranking will likely drop slightly this year, this is a good move for the longterm health of one of Americas finest institutions.

Code Of Ethics And Ethics Essay - 1527 Words

†¢ Introduction. This code is important for our employees, customers, shareholders and partners. This code explains and summarizes our stander that protects the company s reputability and its business from any risk. Moreover, it shows how we deal with our partners. We believe that our success depends on the actions of our members and partners. Because of that, we are committed to make sure that everyone in our company is compliance with this Code and other law. †¢ Binding scope. This Code of Ethics is written to be binding all members of Kramerica in all categories such as directors, officers and employees and Kramerica s subsidiaries, as it will be explained in this code. They have the obligation to be knowledgeable about Kramerica s Code of Ethics and how to apply it in their professional work. If any member fails to comply with the code, the member may be grounds for disciplinary action such as dismissal, referral to the regulatory bodies, or any step where appropriate. The code is to save Kramerica from any improper activities which may damage the company s reputation or any result in serious adverse consequences to the employees and the company. Any member shall go to his or her manager if he or she has any question or concern about the code. Also, he or she may seek advice from expert assistance or Human Resources Department or the Legal and Compliance office. Any member shall go to his or her manager if he or she has any question or concern about the code. 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He further goes on to say that, as a value system, the success of this endeavor lies not in whether the code makes staff behave, but rather moreRead MoreCode Of Ethics And Ethics Essay727 Words   |  3 PagesCode of Ethics A code of ethics/conduct is an important part of an organization. It clarifies the organization s mission, values and principles, linking them with standards of professional conduct. According to CSUGlobal.edu (n.d.), ethics is the study of good and bad behavior and a person is acting ethically, they are doing what is right. Additionally, ethics require that a person conforms to a higher standard of behavior than the law requires. A code of ethics is an open disclosure for the wayRead MoreEthics And Code Of Ethics815 Words   |  4 Pagesincluding no windows or running water - were against his personal definition of right, good and fair. Even though the case study does not describe clearly, one could easily assume that these practices do not comply with the key values and the code of ethics and conduct that Felipe’s company is likely to have. The fact that Felipe was immediately shocked with the labor conditions shows that it goes against what his company practices in his hom e country, triggering the filters of â€Å"policies† and â€Å"universal†Read MoreCode Of Ethics And Ethics1203 Words   |  5 Pagesissues will arise that will force you to educate yourself further with the AAMFT Code of Ethics. The Code of Ethics are beneficial to the well-being of the therapist and can prevent them from getting into a legal bind. I will be discussing the outcomes to several issues given, and also addressing what I would do personally when faced with these oppositions. The questions require me to constantly review my AAMFT Code of Ethics and apply them to the issues that have arisen. I will have to consult withRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Code Of Ethics1312 Words   |  6 PagesThe value of integrity is another important aspect of the NASW Code of Ethics. It is essential that social workers develop a relationship built on trust and righteousness. It has been suggested that through a â€Å"minimum combination of training and ongoing support (supervision, consultation, and coaching), preferably extended with booster sessions,† (Goense, Boendermaker Yperen, 2015, p. 69), a social worker can develop an effective relationship full of integrity. According to the National AssociationRead MoreCode Of Ethics And Ethics1457 Words   |  6 PagesCode of Ethics A business code of ethics is a series of established principles an organization uses when operating in business or society. Organizations often develop these codes to ensure that all individuals working in the company operate according to the same standards. Most individuals have an internal code of ethics or moral principles they follow in life. A situation one individual finds ethically reprehensible may not seem so to another individual. Using a code of ethics in business attempts

A Brief Note On Women Social Expectation - 1317 Words

Shaquanna Jackson December 12, 2015 Dr. McDonald EN114 â€Å"Women Social Expectation† Before we are born and actually take that first breath of air into the world, Society and our family prepares us to play our role as a male child or female child, leading into adult hood. When the parents are told by the doctors whether or not it is a boy or girl, we as a society plan for our showers, to coordinate with the sex of the baby. If it is a female child, the decorations for the shower are mainly pink, and if the sex of the child is a male child, the decorations are of course mainly blue. Female children are given dolls, tea sets, and pretend kitchens. Little girls are trained to nurture, take care, and be beautiful. Little boys usually†¦show more content†¦Women are still being treated as though it is there job to have food on the table and clean the house. Women society expectations are so bad we fail to notice or even acknowledge it. Although â€Å"Death of a salesman† Written by Arthur Miller was a bit different, it had the same basics as â€Å"The Gild ed Six-Bits†, The wife of Willie Loman, Linda Loman she was a stay at home mother, unemployed, and was expected to cook clean and have a meal on the table by the time he husband got home from work. Is this society’s expectations of women? They might not be exactly the same but not much has changed, with being expected to cook and clean, and even the way they dress. Women have felt the pressure to look perfect since the beginning of time. As society becomes more and more obsessed with the way women look, women are willing to do anything it takes to achieve what society deems ËÅ"beautiful . As is demonstrated in the story, Missie May struggles with her social restrictions and expectations. Firstly, the color of her skin decrees of what class she is. She is of color, meaning she is lower than even the lowest white folk and also dictates what part of town she must live, at what level she must marry, and where she is to work, but most importantly, it defines how other (White) people treat her. Not only is Missie May black, but also a woman. This puts her at a double

Difference Between Speaking And Wring - 1033 Words

The difference between speaking and wring in English is the way it is perceived. It is varied from context and is reliant on context. When language is spoken, it is a form of behaviour made up of different dialects and morality. The context of which English is spoken or written has a dramatic influence, language is changed by different situations that a person is exposed to, Formal and informal, social events, professional events or cultural influences. Each context is made up of different surroundings and people in which are part of the communication. Different language can be used within the same context and be different from person to person. For example in a classroom the language used between and a teacher and student would be different to that of a peer to peer interaction. When speaking, people are usually face to face, therefore they can rely on such extra linguistic clues as facial expression and gesture to aid meaning. Written English is more reliant on the development of c areful organisation and compact expression, with often intricate sentence structure (Crystal, 2005). Speaking English Within Gee Hayes (2011) the authors suggest that language can be understood as a cognitive process, something that is in our head, our brain and minds that tell us how to speak. Another view is that it is a physical aspect that is present in the form of speech, recordings and writings. It can also be viewed as a means of social convention shared by a group of people, aboutShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Writing790 Words   |  4 PagesLanguage is an essential thing in someone’s daily life. Whether it is written or spoken it is our main way of communication with one another because of this someone is taught how to write and speak properly. Speaking is easier than writing because it is something someone has been doing since they were child. This is different for writing. A person is taught how to write when he or she goes to school and improves over time. I started writing papers after I came to the United States in 2014. I haveRead More An Analysis of Neutral Tones by Thoma s Hardy Essay822 Words   |  4 PagesAn Analysis of Neutral Tones by Thomas Hardy      Ã‚   We stood by a pond that winter day, (1) This line indicates a still quietness, with lack of the movement of life. There is a vast difference in appearance and movement around a pond in winter and a pond in the midst of summer. This indicates no leaves, and no visible signs of life. The poet is painting a stark and lifeless scene. And the sun was white, as though chidden of God,(2) This is indicative of the modernist approach to lightRead MoreEssay about Hip Hops Betrayal on Black Women1068 Words   |  5 Pagesduty. As you see in â€Å"Hip Hop’s Betrayal of Black Women† McLune states that women still sit back in silence in accept the belittling words that men throw at them through their lyrics. Hip hop did not evolve from speaking down on females, it started out as a way suppress differences between two rivalries or to speak on behalf of shortcomings and mishaps in the past. This comes to question our audience why it is that hip hop has transformed into a way of lashing out a man’s anger towards a woman andRead MoreNobility: A Roman Model Essay1476 Words   |  6 PagesWhen understanding the concept of nobility, a clear distinction must be made. That is, the distinction between being noble and belonging to the nobility (of Roman society). Before acknowledging this discrepancy one must also keep in mind that neither definition is exclusive, that is to say that a person can be of noble character while also belonging to the nobility and vice versa. As well, a person can belong to the nobility and not be of noble character and a person of noble character might notRead MoreInternational Students At The American University1749 Words   |  7 Pagesstudents feel pressure from their academic study and miss home. Also Telbis, Helgeson, Kingsbury (2014) say that â€Å"The learning environment that both undergraduate and graduate international students experience can be stressful due to the difference between local culture and a student’s ethnicity (Tavakoli, Lumley, Hijazi, Slavin-Spenny, Parris, 2009).† (p. 332). As I am the international student, I have the same experience because I can’t adapt into the American culture at the beginning of myRead MoreGender Should Not Be Legal Essay1986 Words   |  8 Pagesproblems. There is truly no factual ev idence that will show that our gender decides everything and while growing up gender is throne aside and only thing that should be treated different is the individuals character. Thus, there should not be gender difference with clothing, color, jobs, income, and sports because everyone should be every to settle their own fate based on their preference and not others. First of all, many believe that the colors of clothing we wear should not represent our genderRead MoreGender And Gender Should Not Be Legal Essay1987 Words   |  8 Pagesproblems. There is truly no factual evidence that will show that our gender decides everything and while growing up gender is throne aside and only thing that should be treated different is the individuals character. Thus, there should not be gender difference with clothing, color, jobs, income, and sports because everyone should be every to settle their own fate based on their preference and not others. First of all, many believe that the colors of clothing we wear should not represent our genderRead More Comparing Heroes and Villains in Measure for Measure, Othello, and Hamlet2339 Words   |  10 Pagesproof, even if ambiguous. He suspects that Cassio having Desdemonas handkerchief indicates she had given it to Cassio affectionately, and he considers Desdemonas inability to produce it upon his request conclusive evidence. Othello thinks Cassio speaking of Bianca is further indication of Desdemonas infidelity: I marry her! What? a customer! Prithee/bear some charity to my wit (119-20, IV.i). The climactic confirmation for Othello is Iagos assumedly fabricated report of Cassio talking in hisRead MoreEnlightment of Education in Pygmalion and Educating Rita9449 Words   |  38 Pagesglobal | | |contacts. | | |The English language today serves as a means of this contact between people and nations| | |of the universe. That’s why the importance of learning and propagating of this language| | |was paid attention by the President of the Republic ofRead MoreMiss23262 Words   |  94 PagesEvaluating a Company’s External Environment  © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2010 Analysis is the critical starting point of strategic thinking. — Kenichi Ohmae Consultant and Author Things are always different—the art is figuring out which differences matter. — Laszlo Birinyi Investments Manager Competitive battles should be seen not as one-shot skirmishes but as a dynamic multiround game of moves and countermoves. — Anil K. Gupta Professor I n the opening paragraph of Chapter 1, we

Death Penalty - 1382 Words

In all societies, many cases occur where a criminal must be punished, so that they can be taught a lesson, and they can stop committing crimes. There are many different ways of punishing criminals: one is the death penalty. The issue of the death penalty has been avidly discussed throughout history. Some people support the idea of the death penalty, since they say it is only fair for one to forfeit their life if they take the life of another. Others feel that the death penalty is not fair, and fear that many innocents have been penalized for something they did not do. The issue of capital punishment deals with the moral issues of many people with different opinions within a community. It is a cruel punishment, and many have stated that†¦show more content†¦Interaction with others is kept to a minimum. Perhaps this kind of treatment might be punishment enough. Many consider the ultimate form of punishment as no disincentive for the crime of murder, and feel it increases killing, rather than diminishes it. They also hold it to be morally wrong. There are many difficult issues to deal with after a death sentence, which puts the family of the convicted person into as much discomfort and strife as the sentenced person. The most horrifying part is that they are constantly reminded of what will happen. The horrors of execution, the preparation for it, the psychological infliction of pain and the actual means of execution are considered by many to be barbaric. A whole sector of the community feels that it is an evil act to have any person put into that circumstance. â€Å"In criminal justice, combining this kind of ritualism with killing is considered an aggravation of murder. Yet this is the kind of death the state imposes on those it executes. (Black 1998)† To punish evil with evil, the writer continues, and to exact an eye for an eye, and measure for measure, is to become as callous as the criminals. Discrimination is also created by dint of the death penalty. In some cases, the court is prejudiced against the defendant. The reasons for their prejudice might be what they consider ignorance, racial bias, or poverty,Show MoreRelatedPro Death Penalty Speech1482 Words   |  6 Pagesintroduce myself before we get started. My name is Slick Perry and if you didn’t already know, I am the state governor of Texas. You are all aware that we are reviewing our recidivism rate to various crimes and reviewing our stance regarding the death penalty as we approach 2009. Everyone here understands that capital punishment is a very controversial topic in the United States. In Texas, from December 1982 through August 2008, only 361 criminals of the millions of Texans in our good state were executedRead MoreThe Truth About The Death Penalty973 Words   |  4 Pages In her article â€Å"The Truth About The Death Penalty†, Carina Kolodny argues that the death penalty should be abolished in all fifty states due to the fact that it is ineffective and very expensive. Kolodny believes that capital punishment has too many complications and variables that cause it be more of an issue than a real solution for capital offenses. She proposes that the death penalty should be dropped and exchanged for better programs such as Proposition 34, which replaces capital punishmentRead MoreThe Bible and Death Penal ty Essay example812 Words   |  4 Pagesa person’s view of the Bible influence what they think about the death penalty for murderers.† I would like to see if a person’s view of the bible influence what they think of the death penalty. This is interesting to me because I am interested in the field of criminal justice and the death penalty is a huge topic to this day. There are many journals that talk about studies that were done on religion and views of the death penalty which have to do with my topic of interest. My hypothesis is thatRead MoreEssay on Death Penalty: Capital Punishment and Violent Crime1570 Words   |  7 PagesCapital Punishment and Violent Crime Hypothesis Most Americans are pro-death penalty, even though they dont really believe that it is an effective deterrent to violent crime. Those who are pro-death penalty will remain so, even if faced with the best arguments of anti-death penalty activists and told to assume the arguments were absolutely true. Violent crime Violent crime is a major problem in the United States. According to the ACLU, the violent crime rate rose sixty-one percentRead MoreEssay on Article Analysis: OSullivans View of the Death Penalty1536 Words   |  7 PagesBritain should have the death penalty. O’Sullivan addresses all the main counter arguments when explain to his audience his conclusion. His supporting evidence includes death penalty decisions in history and several other statistics. Emotionally terms, faulty cause and effects scenarios, and either/or point of views are other ways the author conveys his opinion to the audience. The article begins with an overall theme threw out O’Sullivan’s piece: does the death penalty appropriately punishRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Justified1143 Words   |  5 PagesAllison Shu 2/25/16 Period 2 Objective paper on the death penalty Capital punishment is legally authorized killing as punishment for a crime. The death penalty questions the morality of killing a person as justification for their crime. It also brings to question whether the death penalty actually serves as a deterrent for crime, and that some of the people executed are found innocent afterwards. The debates over the constitutionality of the death penalty and whether capital punishment should be usedRead MoreThe Death Penalty For Juveniles946 Words   |  4 Pages The death penalty for minors differs greatly from the death penalty for adult. The law that minor could be put on death row was decided to rule against the eighth amendment. The eighth amendment prohibits the act of â€Å"cruel and unusual punishment† which putting minors on death row breaks. On March 4, 2005 the law that minors could not be put on death row for their actions was set into place. The new laws say, â€Å"They cannot punish a minor by death penalty and they cannot punish someone for a crimeRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Mandatory?925 Words   |  4 Pagesopinions on the subject. When we were discussing the death penalty although my opinion didn’t change, after hearing what some of my classmates had to say about the subject during our lab I was able to respectfully see why they had those thoughts and feelings about the subject. I believe that we should have the death penalty, and that it helps prevents more crime from happening. However, during our lab students that thought we should ban the death penalty had some pretty interesting reasons behind theirRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Legal1805 Words   |  8 Pagesthat we all know is the death penalty. This penalty has been going around for years. To many people it might be the best way of punishing a person. On the other hand there are people who think that if you kill a person you should be sentenced to die as well. For me I would say it might not be the best way and it not working as many would like it. When choosing if you are for the death penalty you have to okay with an insect person dyei ng or even a family member being in death row. I know that is somethingRead MoreThe Death Penalty : An Effective Reliable Tool904 Words   |  4 Pagesthe death penalty has been a frequent topic of discussion, as our recent technological advancements have evidently led individuals to consider the â€Å"new found† legitimacy of our court systems, as statistics display that our previous racial bias and the apparent morality of the practice itself have a miniscule impact on our conviction rate. Both the advancements and ethics that the death penalty provides become apparent through the utilization of anecdotes and statistics, as the death penalty has prevailed

Menard’s Yard Free Essays

The assignment that I was given is about ethnographic observations. The topic that I chose was the Outside Yard team members at Innards. I work there In the receiving department. We will write a custom essay sample on Menard’s Yard or any similar topic only for you Order Now I am an â€Å"inside guy† so I barely go outside to help guests, but when I do, I see that the workers outside act much differently than anyone else in the store. I believe that the Merman’s Outside Yard Receivers are strange and unusual because they act differently than everybody else in the store, wear different clothes, and feel like they have their own department but they are really part of Receiving. First of all, the Outside Yard Receivers wear deferent clothing. They can wear anything that Is from Innards. The Inside people can only wear a certain kind of clothing that they get for their departments. They are also the only ones who can wear hats. Innards does not allow anyone else to wear hats. Also, they do not do anything that the inside Receivers do. They actually have a lot harder job to do outside. I would not want to be outside. It is hot in summer and freezing in winter; inside there Is air conditioning so I like that, but they still like being outside. Most of he things they do is slide lumber, or cut It, or anything with lumber. It Is tiring to do this every day. I have slid lumber before. It is no fun, but when I ask them if they like it out there, they say they love it. I am still wondering and not understanding why they like it out there so much. A lot of them use pretty basic English. They swear all the time. All of them are not educated yet or they are in college like me. The ones who have finished school are usually the managers. Some older guys Just did not ever finish school so they are stuck there working their butts off for little pay, but for he younger people, It Is a really good Job and I would recommend It to anyone. There is just so much experience that someone can get and I know that if I ever went looking for another Job I would have a better chance than someone who was working in a fast food place or something. Next, I think they are crazy sometimes, pretty often actually. They really get into their Jobs. Like they try to do everything as fast as they can. That is good though, but sometimes It’s just too much. They make a huge mess In the warehouse and It Is sometimes hard for guests to move around or get anything because everything Is In he way, but at the end of the day they always manage to make the warehouse look perfectly clean and organized and everyone is happy. There is this guy who comes few times a week; his name is Bob. He drives a truck. He picks stuff up from Innards and delivers Otto guests so he is like a delivery man. I am not sure if he Just works for this Innards or Just overall for all the Innards around the state or country, but every time he Is there, there are always these funny conversations that they have with the Outside Yard Receivers. Nick, one of the workers outside, is really loud when it comes to working with Bob. Nick: â€Å"Hey Bob, long time no see! † Bob: â€Å"Shut the hell up and help me get this table off the truck. † Nick: â€Å"I’m busy! Get someone else to help you. † Bob: â€Å"Busy my ass. Let’s go! † Nick: ‘You’re not my boss! This is really how every meeting with him is, usually a lot more swearing and yelling, but they Just Joke around. Everyone is really nice there. They Just swear, yell, and argue for fun really. I Just do not understand some workers. Like they are over their heads driving recklessly on the forklifts, throwing things. Some should have been fired a long time ago and I do not get why they are still there. They maybe do a good Job out there, but they are Just crazy and what are the guests going to think of them? It is actually somehow pretty hard to get fired there. In conclusion, I believe that the Merman’s Outside Yard Receivers are strange and unusual because they act differently than everybody else in the store, wear different clothes, and feel like they have their own department but they are really part of Receiving. I think that they are good workers and will help guests in any way possible, so I recommend Innards as your choice of store for buying products for your projects that one could be working on. How to cite Menard’s Yard, Papers

Hemingway Short Stories (1668 words) Essay Example For Students

Hemingway Short Stories (1668 words) Essay Hemingway Short StoriesThe most striking feature of this short story is the way in which it is told. Itis not a story in the classical sense with an introduction, a development of thestory and an end, but we just get some time in the life of two people, as if itwere just a piece of a film where we have a lot to deduce, This story doesntgive everything done for the reader, we only see the surface of what is goingon. It leaves an open end, readers can have their own ending and therefore takepart in the story when reading. *P* The story told here is that of a woman and aman in their trip to a place where she can have an abortion. Everything in thetale is related to the idea of fertility and barrenness. This main topic can beseen from the title Hills Like White Elephants, where Hills refer to the shapeof the belly of a pregnant woman, and White Elephants is an idiom that refers touseless or unwanted things. In this case the unwanted thing is the foetus theyare going to get rid of. *P*In the beginning we find a narrator that describeswith a simple language the area where it is going to take place. We can see thatthe story happens in Spain, in the Valley of the Ebro, and we also see that thetrain the characters are going to take is an express train that comes fromBarcelona and goes to Madrid, but we dont know exactly where they are or thetime or date in which it takes place, we dont even know if they really take thetrain. The train here symbolizes change, movement but in some way they arescared of it as movement is not always forward but it can also be backwards inthis case in their relationship. It is the ? train of life?. *P*Another thingwe must take into account is the fact that the train is stopping only for twominutes, a very short time. This limited time symbolizes the time she has tohave the abortion, she cannot think it over for a long time first because thelater she has the abortion the more risky for her health it gets and second,because abortion has not be en legal in Spain till very recently and in adictatorship time it was a very punished practice, it had to be done beforenoticeable. *P*In a first reading and after checking Hemingways biography wecould think that the story was set in the Spanish civil war, but we must discardthis possibility because it was written in 1927, some years before the Spanishcivil war and in the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera. *P*The first impression weget when we start reading the text is that we are in the middle of a dry, barrenplace under the sun, with no shade or trees, it reinforces the idea of lack oflife but in contrast, they are in the warm shadow of the building where life is. This emphasizes the contrast between the pregnancy of the woman, as beingfertile and everything around them, including him in this idea of fertility ashe is also apart from the barrenness and sharing the shadow. They are alsoseparated from the rest of the people that are inside the bar from a bamboo beadcurtain, it gives the idea of privacy reinforced by the idea of the warm shadowof the building that protects them from the world that exists inside the bar,they are outside, with nature. *P*In the first paragraph we have a short andconcise introduction to the characters, the narrator refers to them as theamerican and the girl, the narrator doesnt give name to them, they may besymbols of lots of couples in the same situation as they are, but we can deducethe difference in age as she is considered as ? the girl ? and he is ? theamerican ? . Later on we will know that her name is Jig, but we arent going toknow his name. The name of the girl which by the way, is not a normal name, isalso very symbolic, as it is the name of a lively dance or it can also refer to? a particular sort of behaviour or activity which varies according to thesituation that someone is in ? (Collins Cobuild dictionary). What this nameimplies is that she can change her mind about the abortion and as we will seelater on in the conversation, he is afraid of her changing her mind about this,he is all the time trying to reassure her in the decision. *P*After the firstintroductory paragraph we find a dialogue between them. This dialogue ispresented as being very natural, but it was carefully written for sure becausethrough it we are going to deduce the kind of relationship they have. Thelanguage here is a very simple one, even colloquial, this colloquial languageusually expresses feelings. The real theme of the conversation is not clearlystated but it is underlying, they are talking about love, feelings and herpregnancy. There is tension in the air at some moments but they cannot expressit openly, m aybe they dont want to be heard in case somebody can understandthem or maybe it is just a problem of communication and of sharing feelings, ormaybe both. There are also references to sexuality in the form of phallicsymbols, the first one is related to the title, the trunk of the elephant, thenwe find another one in ? Anà ­s del Toro ? , the bull as a symbol ofvirility. Also references to life in the form of the rivers and the trees. .u8a3cc18a5797121a53126574dd799657 , .u8a3cc18a5797121a53126574dd799657 .postImageUrl , .u8a3cc18a5797121a53126574dd799657 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8a3cc18a5797121a53126574dd799657 , .u8a3cc18a5797121a53126574dd799657:hover , .u8a3cc18a5797121a53126574dd799657:visited , .u8a3cc18a5797121a53126574dd799657:active { border:0!important; } .u8a3cc18a5797121a53126574dd799657 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8a3cc18a5797121a53126574dd799657 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8a3cc18a5797121a53126574dd799657:active , .u8a3cc18a5797121a53126574dd799657:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8a3cc18a5797121a53126574dd799657 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8a3cc18a5797121a53126574dd799657 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8a3cc18a5797121a53126574dd799657 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8a3cc18a5797121a53126574dd799657 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8a3cc18a5797121a53126574dd799657:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8a3cc18a5797121a53126574dd799657 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8a3cc18a5797121a53126574dd799657 .u8a3cc18a5797121a53126574dd799657-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8a3cc18a5797121a53126574dd799657:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Black Like Me: A Cultural Book Report Essay*P*Its her who starts the dialogue, this here implies that the decision for theabortion in the end will be really hers, she is the one who starts theconversation and she is the one who is taking the decision, she is very straightforward. She also takes her hat off and puts it on the table, she is getting ridof what covers her, she wants to speak out about the situation clearly and putthe feelings, as she does with the hat, on the table to be talked about openly. In his turn to answer instead of answering to the question he changes thesubject and answers ? its pretty hot ? this implies that he wants to changethe subject and talk about simpler things such as the weather. Men have problemsto show their feelings. She answers with a decision and says ? Lets drink beer? She is the one who takes decisions, she decides what to drink. *P*In thisstory we can also see something typical of Hemingway, that is the use of spanishwords and sentences. He orders ? dos cervezas ? to the bar lady. We assumethat she cannot speak English and that he can speak Spanish but, later on heorders and she answers in English. We have to think that the conversation musthave taken place in Spanish but that in order not to translate the wholeconversation into English only the first exchange of words was kept in Spanishbecause the story is so carefully written and developed that such a mistakewould be unconceivable. When the bar lady gives them the drinks the girl islooking a t the line of hills in the distance, as if considering the possibilityof having the child but when she asks him about having ever seen an elephant heanswers that he has never seen one alluding to not having been father before. Atthis stage she is having doubts about the abortion. *P*The characters are reallymysterious to us, we know nothing about their lives but they seem to havenothing to do in life apart from sex and drinking. They spend the time drinking,alcohol is considered as aphrodisiac. They order ? anà ­s ? because shewants to try new things, maybe she is considering the possibility of having anew relationship or a new experience in life, but when she tastes it she says ?it tastes like licorice ? which is a very common and not exotic taste, and sheadds that ? Everything tastes of licorice. Especially all the things youvewaited so long for ? implying that when you wait for something for a longtime, for instance a relationship, once you get it, it loses exotism and appeal. Later on there is a reference to the routine they seem to be in when she saysthat all they do is looking at things and trying new drinks. *P*As theconversation goes on, the man openly refers to the operation as if takingimportance off it, he says it is not important but very easy, like opening awindow ? Its just to let the air in ?, he wants her to have the abortion butshe is sure about the fact that their relationship is going to change afterthat. He wants to convince her that the decision has been hers by means ofsaying thing like ? if you don ´t want to you dont have to But I knowits perfectly simple? but it is him the only one who has no doubts about it. She is having the normal doubts a woman can have in a situation like that. Hefeels that the pregnancy is a nuisance in their lives. The baby would mean thenecessity of settling down and starting a family and this would be a change intheir lives as they move a lot around, that is why their suitcases are full of? labels from all the hotels they had spent nights ?. There is anotherallusion when almost at the end of the story he says ? we can have the world ?and she replies ? No, we cant. It isnt ours anymore And once they havetaken it away, you never get it back ? here we can see that she wants the babyand she knows that once she has the operation she wont be able to get the childback. And at the very end in the last sentence he asks her if she feels better,but what he is really asking is if she has taken a decision and he wants to knowwhat she has decided and then she replies : ? I feel fine Theres nothingwrong with me. I feel fine ?, if there is something wrong it is with the baby,t hat is the problem she has to solve.

Signing a Commercial lease

Question: Discuss about the Signing a Commercial lease. Answer: Introduction: In this paper, we answer two questions on the basis of case study. First we state the steps which must be consider before signing the lease. Second questions state the responsibility of landlord towards the Sally and also state whether it is legal to charge $2000 as damage deposit from tenant. Subsequently, this essay is concluded with brief conclusion. Steps involved before signing the lease: Following are some steps which are stated below: Ask Questions: it is necessary that tenant ask some important questions from landlord before signing the lease such as pet policy, maintenance of apartment, and other which cover some important factors. Research about landlord: before entering into any legal arrangement it is necessary that tenant research about their landlord and ensure themselves that landlord is good. Read the lease: in the present case, Sally does not read the lease which was her biggest mistake because it is very important to read every provision of the document before entering into any legal arrangement. Write down the details: after reading the lease if something is not presented in the lease or some important points are missing then write down those points and ask for the amendments in the lease agreement. Get your finances in order: while signing the lease tenant pays lot of amount at least one month rent in advance or any kind of security deposit. Therefore, it is necessary that person order their finances before starting the process. Request for copies: tenant ask for the copies of lease agreement and keep t safely (Pullman, 2014; Government of Canada, n.d.). Responsibilities of landlord: It is the responsibility of landlord that in home they provide heat during the time period of September 1 to June 15. During this period it is necessary that minimum temperature is 20C, and there are some towns in which there is additional requirement (Settlement. Org, n.d.). In the present case, Sally move in the apartment on September 1st and found that apartment would not heat above 12 degrees even she set the thermostat to 25. Her landlord is not taking her calls and later he state that if sally fixed the damaged walls then he fixed the heating system. In this case, it is the duty of landlord to provide minimum 20C heating in the apartment during above stated time period, and he cannot suggest sally that she wears sweater. Most tenancy agreements require that tenant pay the damage deposit in advance and landlord can use this amount in case of any damage or rent owing. Therefore, it is legal that landlord take $2000 as damage deposit from sally (Student Legal services, n.d.). Conclusion: After analyzing the tenancy rights and factors related to lease agreements it is clear that tenants and landlord must clear everything before signing the lease agreement because some it becomes difficult to handle the matters and solve the issue. References: Pullman, E. (2014). 10 Things to Do Before Signing a Lease. Retrieved on 3rd March 2017 from: https://www.huffingtonpost.com/elizabeth-pietrzak/10-things-to-do-before-si_b_5739464.html. Government of Canada. Signing a commercial lease. Retrieved on 3rd March 2017 from: https://canadabusiness.ca/managing-your-business/day-to-day-operations/protecting-your-business/legal-issues/legal-issues-for-small-business/signing-a-commercial-lease/. Settlement.org. What are my responsibilities as a landlord. Retrieved on 3rd March 2017 from: https://settlement.org/ontario/housing/rent-a-home/landlord-rights-and-responsibilities/what-are-my-responsibilities-as-a-landlord/. Student Legal services. Landlord and Tenant Law. Retrieved on 3rd March 2017 from: https://www.slsedmonton.com/civil/landlord-and-tenant-law/.

ART HISTORY Example

ART HISTORY Example ART HISTORY – Coursework Example Art history Video At the British museum in London is a major display of the Assyrian lion hunt reliefs. The vivid engravings show an ancient practice of the Assyrian empire. Lion hunting was a major cultural practice. Despite being brutal, the cultural practice was celebrated with the engravings showing a king of the empire leading the hunt. Another equally important feature portrayed by the engravings was the position of arts in the society. Arts remain a practical way of representing the society. The early Assyrian artists portrayed their artistic skills as they expertly captured a major cultural practice. The images are clear and detailed to this date a feature that portrayed the level of professionalism the artists employed in the arts. They capture the details and gross nature of the practice. The engravings display a large number of the dying lions coupled with the cruel nature of the hunt. Such details do not only represent the cultural practice but also embodies the revered a rt of the time. Video 2 Mona Lisa is arguably the most famous single piece of painting in the world today. The video investigates the source of the famous and prominence the painting acquired more than five hundred years after its creation. Leonardo Da Vinci, the painter of the work, portrayed his artistic genius in the painting. The woman in the painting lacks eyebrows, identity and has a mysterious smile. He positioned such features strategically thereby making it difficult for anyone to interpret the work, thus the lack of identity. The lack of identity owing to the perfect positioning of various features in the painting makes Mona Lisa mysterious (Kalogridis 231).Work citedKalogridis, Jeanne. Painting Mona Lisa. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2010. Print.

Romans violence obsession essays

Romans violence obsession essays From the ground up, Rome was built on violence. From the hills in Palatine, to the conquests of the Roman Empire at its height; Rome was violent. The Romans reveled in death. Political leaders pitted their own armies against one another as a lifestyle. Violence was not merely a side show in Roman culture, it was the main attraction. Romans legends tended to be violent ones, including the legend they used to explain their emerging into the world. Roman historian Livy said that Rome was founded by two brothers. Both of the brothers were raised by a wolf. The brothers built two different cities on the seven hills of Palatine. Romulus, being the paranoid one, built a wall around his city to keep out danger. His brother Remus leaped it in a single bound and proceeded to make fun of Romulus for his pitiful wall. Romulus was angered and killed his brother on the spot. The actual unification of Rome was considerably more peaceful. Rome was actually founded with the tribes on the Italian peninsula uniting in their small huts to create one nation. Nevertheless the mere fact that the Romans believed in such a tale demonstrates their violent persona. A Roman leader named Brutus during his life vowed to rid Rome of kings. Brutus went as far to murder his own kids to ensure that Rome would be able to pride itself on having no kings. In Rome, the people loved watching violent displays for entertainment. Fifteen armor clad men armed with swords tearing through the ranks of lightly armored slaves was considered a great days show. That was the Roman idea of a great nights show at the coliseum. If someone today tried to institute matches where men fought against starving tigers until only one was left, he/she would be arrested in half a second. People doing the same thing in Rome were made very wealthy and respected. Romans went to the Circus Maximus to see a vicious horse race where many men died There races also frequently became an obsession o ...

Individual report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Individual report - Essay Example Online operation has also enabled the Sky PLC to effectively communicate the features and other factors relating to their services to their customers and potential customers. On their website customers can create their own accounts making it easier for customers to access any information that they want regarding the company’s services. Development of a tailored user interface and activities enables Sky to support and enrich its sustainable business practices. The entertainment industry is a difficult industry to penetrate and as much difficult for a company to maintain its hold on the market. Sky faces a lot of competition from equally able companies such as Virgin Atlantic. To keep its hold on the market and more so to maintain its hold of its present customers, it becomes exigent to diversify its marketing techniques and such way is through the use of electronic media, especially the internet (Miletsky 2009 p. 217). The advent of satellite made it possible for Sky to boost its market position. The marketing objectives for Sky have always been to create fresh interest and demand for Sky and to make sure potential customers understand the benefits that come along with using Sky’s products. However, as much as this is necessary or seems necessary in keeping a business going, an extra component of awareness is added to complement this. The campaign and communications have also become an integral part of Sky Digital’s marketing mix embracing public relations (PR), sponsorship and consumer promotions, in-store marketing, branding and direct marketing activities (Whalen 2009 p. 172). Focus on e-marketing has proved to be important in most industries, with the target market carving the direction the company takes. For Sky, the major part of its business is aimed at providing digital content. Their target market is divided depending on the content. For example, films would suit film lovers and couples, home banking would suit busy, career minded people and

Enterprise Business Intelligence and analysis Essay

Enterprise Business Intelligence and analysis - Essay Example As stated in the report, offering advanced technological features to casual users is a recipe for disaster. Casual users are information users who are interested only in the reports and not in how the tools and databases work. Therefore the factor of usability is the most important in increasing BI adoption among the casual users. The power users as information producers require more powerful analytical tools to develop reports and business views. Therefore the development of the BI infrastructure should be customized to the different groups of users. Implementing a BI framework effectively is a process of change management. Therefore the top management has to communicate with the employees about the strategic importance of maximizing the use of BI. Unless there is support from the top management for using the BI framework, the employees will not be motivated to use the features and functionalities of business intelligence to the maximum extent. For this reason it is important to cat egorize the different requirements of power users and casual users and to communicate with them accordingly. The communications framework is one of the most important tools in managing change and therefore it should be used by the top management in motivating the application of business intelligence. The power users are the more important users. ... In order to maximize the effectiveness of the technology, the organization should be able to integrate BI into the existing architecture consisting of security, web servers and databases. Unless the BI system can be made compatible with the processes which are currently being used, its usability will be minimal. The employees will be more willing to use BI if it has an interface that is similar to those that they are currently using. It is more important to bring the power users on board so that they can coordinate with IT personnel to optimize the delivery of the format to the rest of the enterprise. The management also has to purchase licenses. Therefore they should conduct an inventory of users to estimate the number of licenses required and thus reduce costs. Another way to reduce costs is to ensure fast performance. It is more important to ensure fast performance among the casual users. However the power users should also emphasize upon fast performance in order to deliver timel y information. This information should be based upon high-quality data. Maximization of the BI acceptance among employees in various business functions and hierarchy levels in enterprise operations entails the process of managing change. The critical success factor in change management is communications. Therefore the critical success factor is to consider how to create an effective communications framework between the top management and the employees. As stated in the TDWI best practices report, this objective can be met by developing a marketing plan which can be delivered enterprise-wide through a variety of communications channels such as email, Web, meetings, events, posters, training, helpdesk etc. In this manner the value

Analysis of the Money Market in India

Analysis of the Money Market in India Money market is an important segment of the financial market (system) as it provides avenue for equilibrating the short term (ranging from overnight upto an year) demand for and supply of funds. It also plays an important role in the transmission mechanism of monetary policy, as it acts as a medium through which the central bank can influence the short term liquidity and interest rates in the financial system. Till the mid 1980s the Indian money markets was characterized by scarcity of instruments, stringent regulations pertaining to participants and interest rates, lack of depth and liquidity. Another drawback in the Indian money market during this period was existence of a large number of lenders and only a few chronic borrowers. Infact the basic requirement of a liquid and deep market that the participants should rotate between borrowing and lending activity was missing. However RBI took many measures to deepen and widen the money market in accordance with the recommendations of the Committee to Review the Working of the Monetary System (Chairman: Professor Sukhamoy Chakravarty) [1985] and the Working Group on the Money Market (Chairman: Shri N. Vaghul) [1987]. These measures included the deregulation of money markets interest rates, introduction of new money markets instruments such as certificates of deposits (June 1989), commercial paper (Jan 1990) etc. Also the RBI gradually eased the barriers to entry and initiated measure to increase the number of participants in the Money Market. RBI in a ssociation with the public sector banks and financial institution had set up the Discount and Finance House of India Ltd. (DFHI) in April 1988 in order to impart liquidity to the financial instruments. Thus financial innovations in terms of money markets instruments, broadening of participants base and strengthening of institutional infrastructure were undertaking during the 1990s based on the Vaghul Committees framework. Further during the late 1990s the Narasimham committee (1998) recommended rationalization of the money market by ensuring participation of different classes of entities in various segments of money market. RBI has over the years taken many structural measures and instrument-specific measures like transformation of call money market into pure interbank market, bringing down the minimum maturity of the CDs to 7 days etc. to develop the money market in pursuance of the Narasimham committee recommendations. Also a fullfledged liquidity Adjustment Facility was introduced on June 5, 2000 which replaced the traditional refinance support on fixed terms. The LAF was operationalised with a view to alter short term liquidity conditions as per the market conditions. In wake to strengthen the payment system infrastructure the Clearing Corporation of India Ltd. (CCIL) was formed in 2001. Also the introduction of the Negotiated Dealing System (NDS) in February 2002 and implementation of the Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS) system in March 2004 further improved the efficiency in the money market. Improve These policy initiatives undertaken over time have led to the growth and sophistication of Indian money market, making it relatively deep, liquid and vibrant. Also the activity in all the segments of the Indian money market has increased significantly, especially during last few years. Currently the major segments of the Indian money market are Call (overnight) and Short-notice (up to fourteen days) Money Market Treasury Bills Market. Repos Market Term Money Market Collateralised borrowing and lending obligation (CBLO) Commercial Paper (CP) Certificates of Deposit (CDs) Money Market Mutual Funds (MMMFs) Among these, call and short-notice money and Treasury Bills form the most important segments of the Indian money market. Let us discuss each of these in brief: Call/Notice Money market The call money market is one of the most important and active segment of the Indian Money Market. Over the years RBI has taken many measures for development of the call/term money market. During the 1990s measures were taken to widen the participation of the call money market to include primary satellite dealers corporate (through primary dealers) in addition to the existing participants like commercial banks co-operative banks, LIC, UTI, etc. However the Narasimham committee recommended the conversion of the call/notice money market in a pure inter-bank market on prudential considerations and with an objective to improve the monetary transmission mechanism. Thus in accordance with the Narasimham committee recommendations (1998), measures were taken to convert the call market into a pure inter bank market starting in 1999. Simultaneously steps were taken to develop a repo market outside the official window for providing a stable collateralised avenue for deployment of funds by the non-banks following their phased exit from the call money market. Also introduction of instruments such as Collateralised Borrowing and Lending Obligation further provided the banks and non banks with a funding alternative. Consequently the call money market was transformed into a pure inter bank market in August 2005. Reflecting the conscious decision on the part of the RBI to make the call/notice money market a pure inter bank, the average daily turnover, which stood at around Rs. 351.44 bn in FY02, almost halved to Rs. 141.70 bn in FY04. However it increased in the subsequent years and was Rs.217.25 bn during FY07. The operational efficiency in the call money market was improved with the establishment of the CCIL and operationalisation of NDS. Furthermore the RBI made it mandatory for the all the NDS members to report all the call/notice money market transaction carried out through NDS within 15 minutes of winding up of the transaction. This helped in increasing efficiency, transparency and improve price discovery in the money market. In order to further increase the transparency and facilitate better price discovery CCIL developed a screen based negotiated dealing quote-driven system for all dealings in the call/notice and the term money markets (NDSCALL). This system was made operational on September 18, 2006. Further the RBI has over the years carried out many reform measures such as adoption of Liquidity Adjustment Facilities (LAF) etc. in order to impart stability in the call money market. In the 1990s the call rates were generally stable barring a few episodes of volatility. Tight liquidity condition in the call money market, backed by high levels of statutory pre-emptions and withdrawal of all refinance facilities except the export credit, led to firming up of the call rates during the beginning of FY92. Infact the call rate touched a peak of 35% in May 1992. After that the call rates eased for some period and again firmed up to touch 35% in November 1995. This was partly a reflection of the turmoil in the foreign exchange market. Inorder to stabilize the market the RBI injected liquidity in the system through repos, increased refinance facilities and provided some respite by reducing the CRR. With RBI sucking out liquidity to ease foreign exchange market pressure the call rates, which had eased to single digit levels, again firmed up to 29% in January 1998. The adoption of the LAF in June 2000 has helped the call rates to ease. The call rate eased significantly to a low of 4.5 percent in September 2004, backed by improved liquidity conditions on account of increased capital inflows. However on account of IMD redemptions the call rates came under some pressure in December 2005. It increased to around 7% during Feb 2007 partly influenced by the tight monetary policy stance by the RBI to curb high inflation. With the initiation of the LAF and subsequent improvement in liquidity management a considerable degree of stability has been imparted in the call money market. Since then the volatility in call rates has reduced significantly. According to the RBI the mean rate has almost halved from around 11 per cent during April 1993-March 1996 to about 6 per cent during April 2000-March 2007. Volatility, measured by coefficient of variation (CV) of call rates, also halved from 0.6 to 0.3 over the same period. It is important to note here that the in the pre-reform period the statutory requirements like CRR and SLR and reserve maintenance period have been the main driver of the call rates. However in the recent years the developments in other market segments, mainly the foreign exchange and the government securities market accompanied by the Reserve Banks liquidity management operations have been the major factors influencing the call rates. This signifies increased market integration and improved liquidity management by the Reserve Bank. Term Money Market Term Money Market, which is market for short-term funds of maturity between 15 days to 1 year, is not very well developed in India. Till the late 1980s, the term money market was governed by stringent norms in terms of participants, regulated interest rates etc. However the RBI has taken many measures over the years to develop this market. The administered interest rate system was dismantled in 1989 following the recommendations of vaghul committee. Further in 1993 select financial institutions (IDBI, ICICI, IFCI, IIBI, SIDBI, EXIM Bank, NABARD, IDFC and NHB) were allowed to borrow from the term money market for 3-6 months maturity, however within a fixed limit set for each institution. Also Term money of original maturity between 15 days and 1 year was exempted from the CRR in August 2001. Although many measures were taken by the RBI to develop the term money market, the activity (as reflected in the daily turnover) in this segment of money market continues to remain low. The average daily turnover in the term money market has increased moderately from Rs.195 crore in FY02 to Rs.1,012 crore during FY07. The development of the term money market has been impeded by confluence of factors- (i) the inability of participants to build interest rate expectations over the medium term due to which there is a tendency on their part to lock themselves in the short-term; (ii) the distribution of liquidity is also skewed with public sector banks often having surplus funds and foreign banks being in deficit in respect of short-term resources. Since the deficit banks depend heavily on call/notice money, more often, surplus banks exhaust their exposure limits to them; (iii) corporates overwhelming preference for cash credit system rather than loan generally forces banks to deploy a large amount in the call/notice money market rather than in the term money market to meet sudden demand from corporates; (iv) the steady reduction in the minimum maturity period of term deposits offered by banks; and (v) the tendency on the part of banks to deploy their surplus funds in LAF auctions rather than in the term money market, reflecting risk-averse behaviour. Repos Market Repo is a money market instrument, which enables collateralised short-term borrowing and lending through sale/purchase operations in debt instruments. In this segment, mutual funds and some foreign banks are the major providers of funds, while some foreign banks, private sector banks and primary dealers are the major borrowers. Over the years RBI has taken many measures to reform the Repo market, which was highly regulated both in terms of participants and instruments till the late 1980s. Before April 1988 all government securities and PSU bonds were eligible for repo transactions. However with the alarmingly high growth in repos RBI became cautious and prohibited the participation of non-banks in the repo market. RBI permitted only interbank repos in all government securities between April 1988 and mid-June 1992 in order to avoid any undesirable developments on account of the large scale misuse of repos. The Janakiraman Committee, set up following the securities market irregularities of 1992, reported that despite of being prohibited virtually all wholesale participants of the money and not only banks widely used the repos. Also many other irregularities were in the repo markets were bought to the forefront, following which the repos were prohibited in all the securities barring the treasury bills. However in wake to revive the repo market and noting the usefulness of repos in development of money market, RBI gradually bought all Central Government dated securities, Treasury Bills and State Government securities under the purview of repo market. Furthermore, with the view to broaden the repo market PSU bonds and private corporate securities have been made eligible for repos in 1997-98. Further RBI introduced the delivery versus payment system during FY96, with an aim to facilitate the repo transactions and increase transparency in the repo market. Nonbank entities which maintained subsidiary general ledger (SGL) account were permitted to participate in the repo market. Since March 2003, the non-bank financial companies, mutual funds, housing finance companies and insurance companies not having SGL account were permitted to transact in the repo market through their gilt accounts maintained with the custodian. With the increase in use of repos as money market instrument the comprehensive uniform accounting guidelines as well as documentation policy were issued by the RBI in March 2003. In addition to this the DvP III mode of settlement in government securities (which involves settlement of securities and funds on a net basis) was operationalised in April 2004. This helped the introduction of rollover of repo transactions in government securities and offered greater flexibility to participants in managing their collaterals. The Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF), that was introduced from June 5, 2000, has also helped in development of the repo market. Further the gradual phasing out of nonbanks (August 2005) from the call money market, has provided further impetus to the repo market. This is evident from the sharp increase in the average daily turnover of repo transactions (other than the Reserve Bank) from Rs.11,311 crore during April 2001 to Rs. 42,252 crore in June 2006. Treasury Bills Market T-Bills are issued by the RBI on behalf of the Government of India and thus are actually a class of Government Securities. Presently T-Bills are issued in maturity periods of 91 days, 182 days and 364 days through an auction based system and form one of the most active segments of the Indian money market. However prior to the initiation of reforms, only the 91-day Treasury bills were sold through fixed coupon or tap system. Also ad hoc treasury bills were issued by the government in order to meet the temporary mismatch in revenue and expenditure. Although these were meant for temporary purpose they became attractive source of meeting the central government resource requirement as they were available at an interest rate pegged at 4.6% per annum since 1974. However due to administered nature of interest rate the 91-day treasury bills could not emerge as useful instruments in the money market. But with initiation of the reform measures in the late 1980s T-bills market has emerged as an important segment of the money market. The reform process in the t-bills market was initiated in November 1986 with the introduction of 182 days treasury bills. The formation of DFHI also helped in emergence of treasury bills market as important segment of the money market. Further impetus was provided to the development of the treasury bills market by the phasing out of the tap treasury bills and introduction of auctioning system in the 91-treasury. Another important reform in the treasury bills market was the abolition of the ad hoc treasury bills in April 1997. Further the introduction of 14-day intermediate treasury bills helped in improving the cash management of the government. Thus, Treasury bills of different tenors were introduced to consolidate the market for imparting liquidity, while yields were made market determined through auctions so that they could be used as benchmark for other short-term market instruments. Treasury Bills market has received special attention of RBI over the years as it is at the heart of the money market development. The amounts assigned for auctions are announced in advance since April 1998. Also the payments dates are synchronized on the following Friday after the auctions inorder to provide fungible stock of varying maturities and to activate the secondary market in Treasury Bills. The primary dealers provide their bid daily and offer discount rates so that the investors are able to acquire treasury bills even in between the auctions. Type of T-bills Introduced Discontinued 91 days Ad-hoc T-Bill Mid 1950s April, 1997 91 days T-Bill on Tap Mid 1950s March, 1997 182 days T-Bill on weekly auction November,1986 April, 1992 14 days T-Bill on weekly auction April, 1997 May, 2001 364 days T-Bill on fortnightly auction April, 1992 91 days T-Bill on weekly auction January,1993 182 days T-Bill on weekly auction Re-introduced in June, 1999 May, 2001 182 days T-Bill on weekly auction Re-introduced in April, 2005 The primary dealers provide their bid daily and offer discount rates so that the investors are able to acquire treasury bills even in between the auctions. Commercial Paper (CP): Commercial paper was introduced in India in January 1990, in accordance with the recommendations of the vaghul committee with an aim to provide additional avenues to the corporate to source short term funds. Commercial Paper (CP) is issued in the form of a promissory note sold directly by the issuers to investors, or else placed by the borrowers through agents such as merchant banks and security houses. Since CP is freely transferable, and highly liquid it provides the banks, financial institutions, insurance companies and others an attractive avenue to park their short term funds. Over the years RBI has gradually relaxed the norms relating to eligibility, maturity period etc. for issuing CPs. Initially, corporates were allowed to issue CP with a maturity between 3 to 6 months from the date of issue. However the minimum tenor of the CP was reduced in phased manner. Currently the minimum tenor of the CP is seven days (effective October 2004). Also the minimum amount to be invested by a single investor, which was Rs.1 crore at time of introduction of CP, has been gradually brought down to 5 lakhs. This norm was gradually relaxed so as to align the CPs with other money market instruments. These measures helped in the increasing activity in this segment of the money market. Initially the limit of CP issuance was carved out of the maximum permissible bank finance (MPBF) limit and consequently only to its cash credit part. However reducing proportion of cash credit in the MPBF was hindering the development of the CP market and hence issuance of CP was delinked from the cash credit limit in October 1997. Further with a view to enable issuers of the service sector to meet their needs of short-term working capital, CP was transformed into a stand alone product. Initially, the individuals, banks, companies, other corporate bodies registered or incorporated in India and unincorporated bodies were allowed to issue and held the CP. Further issuance of the CP to non-residents on a non-repatriation basis was allowed however these CPs were non transferable. Also the FIIs were permitted to invest in the CPs since October 2000, but within the limit set by SEBI. Further to improve the efficiency, rationalize standardize the various aspects of processing and reduce the transaction cost many measures such as dematerialization of CPs (effective June 30, 2001) were undertaken by the RBI. It issued draft guidelines on securitisation of standard assets on April 4, 2005, with an aim to further deepen the market. Consequently the issuing and Paying agents were required to report the issuance of the CP on NDS platform commencing from April 16, 2005. Over the years the major issuers of CP have been the leasing and finance companies. Discount rates on CPs have firmed up in line with the increases in policy rates during 2005-06 and 2006-07. It is advantageous for the corporate to raise funds through CPs during times of ample liquidity as the effective discount rates on CP tends to be lower than the banks lending rates. Also it is relatively profitable for banks to park their funds in the CPs during times of high liquidity as the interbank call rates tend to be lower than the CP rates. Thus the activity in the CP market reflects the liquidity condition in the money market. The average outstanding amount of CPs reduced from Rs. 22.80 bn during FY94 to Rs. 4.42 bn in FY96 on account of tight liquidity conditions in the money market. However the outstanding amount of CPs has increased in the recent years. It was Rs. 213.14 bn during FY07. However the secondary market for CPs continues to remain subdued as the investors prefer to hold the instrument till maturity as it gives them a higher risk adjusted return compared to other instruments in the money market. The secondary market of CPs is more profitable for the Mutual funds as they are charged higher stamp duty for issuing a CP as compared to the banks. Certificates of Deposits (CD) CD were introduced in the Indian money market in June 1989, with an view to widen the range of instruments in the money market and provide additional avenue and greater flexibility to the investors to park their short term surplus funds. During the pre reform period the CDs were governed by a number of regulations in terms of maturity, issuance amounts, maturity etc. However many guidelines pertaining to the CDs have been relaxed in the post reform period. The limit on issuance of the CD, which was earlier linked to the average fortnightly outstanding aggregate deposit, was abolished effective October 16, 1993. This was done with a view to enabling it as a market determined instrument. In order to align the CDs with other money market instruments the minimum maturity of the CDs has been reduced gradually to 7 days (April 2005). The minimum size of issuance was reduced from Rs 1 crore in 1989 to Rs. 1 lakh in June 2002. Also to provide flexibility and depth to the secondary market activity the restrictions pertaining to the minimum period for transferability were withdrawn over a period of time. With a view to improve transparency and promote secondary market activity the banks were instructed to issue CDs to the financial institutions only in dematerialized form, effective June 30, 2002. Since October 2002 the banks were allowed to issue floating rate CDs as a coupon bearing instrument in order to promote flexible pricing. The reduction in stamp duty on CDs, effective March 1, 2004 and withdrawal of the facility of premature closure of deposits in respect of CDs were other factors that boosted activity in the market, providing greater opportunity for secondary market trading. The activity in the CDs market is also depended on the liquidity conditions in the market as the CPs. Unlike the CPs the issuance of CDs increase in the time of tight liquidity conditions as the banks resort to issuance of CDs, often at premium, to meet their liquidity gap. For instance, the outstanding amount of CDs declined to Rs.949 crore during FY02 as compared to 1,199 crore, partly due to easy liquidity conditions on account of large capital inflows. However the average outstanding amount of CDs increased gradually during the subsequent periods. The average outstanding amount of CDs had increased to Rs.64,814 crore during FY07 as banks resorted to issuance of CDs in order to support the robust credit demand. The interest rates on CDs which had softened in the recent years in line with other money market instruments experienced some hardening during FY07. However banks offer higher interest rates on CDs as compared to other instruments and hence it is profitable for the subscriber to hold the CDs till maturity. This infact is one of the reasons for subdued secondary market for the CDs. Collateralised Borrowing and lending obligation: The CCIL operationalised CBLO as a money market instrument on Jan 20, 2003 with an aim to provide an alternative avenue to the market participants, especially those who were phased out of the call money market, to manage their short term liquidity. This innovative product developed by the CCIL facilitates anonymous order matching system for efficient price discovery. High transparency and real time basis of deals in the CBLO have assisted in enhancing efficiency of the money market. With the conversion of the call money market in a pure interbank market since August 2005 and setting of prudential limits on lending and borrowing by banks and PDs in the call money market, the activity has shifted to CBLO segment as can be seen in the below chart. The average daily turnover in the CBLO segment has registered an increase from Rs.515 crore in FY04 to Rs.32,390 crore during FY07. However the increase in turnover can be partly attributed to the increase in number of participants from 30 in July 2003 to 153 in March 2007. It is important to note here that the composition of market participants has also changed over the years. The mutual funds and insurance companies have emerged as the major lenders while the nationalized banks, PDs and non-financial companies as major borrowers during FY07. As borrowings in the CBLO segment are fully collateralised, the rates in this segment are expected to be comparable with the repo rates. The movements in the daily average rates in the overnight call, the repo and the CBLO markets for the period from January 2003 to March 2007 show that CBLO rates moved between the call and the repo rates up to November 2003 due to a limited number of participants. From November 2003, the CBLO rates have aligned with the repo rates on account of increase in the number of participants. Money Market Mutual Funds (MMMFs) With an aim of bringing the money market within the reach of individual investors the MMMF were introduced in India in April 1991. However a detailed scheme of MMMFs was declared by the RBI in April 1992, thereby allowing the schedule commercial banks and public financial institutions to set up MMMFs, subject to some terms and conditions. However to provide flexibility, liquidity and depth to the market these restrictions were relaxed over a period of time. For example the minimum lock in period for the units of MMMFs was brought down from 30 days to 15 days in May 1998. MMMFs were permitted to offer cheque writing facility in a tie-up with banks in 1999-2000 in order to provide added liquidity to unit holders. MMMFs, which were under the purview of RBI, were bought under SEBIs regulations Since March 7, 2000. Also it is important to note that now banks are permitted to set up MMMFs only in form of trust as a separate entity. Also the MMMFs were permitted to invest in rated corporate bonds and debentures with a residual maturity of one year.